Agosto 19, 2015 / Notícias Acervos
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Violência no campo impera no estado do Maranhão

cptma1Nos últimos dias, uma onda de violência rural, patrocinada pelo agronegócio, promoveu diversas violações aos direitos de povos originários e de trabalhadores e trabalhadoras rurais no Maranhão. A história de violência e tragédia se repete, com a vigorosa omissão do Estado brasileiro. No artigo, confira alguns casos recentes de conflitos:

(Por Diogo Cabral, advogado CPT/MA)

1. No dia 16.06.2015, a liderança rural Francisco de Souza dos Santos, do território Campestre, zona rural de Timbiras (MA), sofreu tentativa de homicídio quando retornava para sua casa, localizada no Povoado Canafístula. Francisco vinha sendo ameaçado de morte há algum tempo por conta de sua luta pela emancipação do território tradicional ocupado por mais de 300 famílias. Em que pese referida situação, não se tem notícia de instauração de Inquérito Policial a fim de apurar tal crime, notadamente um crime político. Vale lembrar que em fevereiro de 2014, nesse mesmo território, Raimundo Brechó, também liderança camponesa, foi barbaramente assassinado, em razão do conflito, que perdura há mais de 30 anos, sem que o Estado intervenha para acabar com essa situação.

2. Na comunidade quilombola de Aldeia Velha, localizada em Pirapemas (MA), tratores destruíram o território quilombola, que é ocupado há anos por mais de 150 famílias. Apesar das várias denúncias e solicitações feitas pela Comissão Pastoral da Terra (CPT), em maio de 2015, ao governo do Maranhão e ao governo federal, não foi instaurado inquérito policial para investigar crimes ambientais e milícias rurais comandadas por fazendeiros da região, que ameaçam constantemente os quilombolas, com armas de toda a espécie. Mais recentemente, a própria Promotoria Especializada em Conflitos Agrários do Maranhão encaminhou Ofício de Nº 84/2015, datado de 26.06.2015, solicitando ao Estado do Maranhão, por meio da Secretaria de Segurança Pública, que apurasse a responsabilidade criminal, face a existência de indícios de crimes contra os moradores posseiros da mencionada área em que se concentra o conflito, bem como crimes ambientais e possivelmente formação de milícia armada (artigo 288-A do Código Penal). No entanto, até o presente momento, nenhuma viatura policial foi até o local do conflito a fim de realizar as designações do Ministério Público do Maranhão. De janeiro até junho, as lideranças quilombolas já fizeram uma centena de registros de ocorrências, todos sem nenhum tipo de andamento.

3. O Poder Judiciário do Maranhão expediu, em 24 de junho de 2015, por intermédio das Comarcas de Urbano Santos e Coelho Neto, respectivamente, duas ordens de despejo contra as comunidades de Guarimã (zona rural de São Benedito do Rio Preto) e Feitoria (Duque Bacelar), situação esta que culminará com o desalojamento de pelo menos 60 famílias camponesas que trabalham e vivem nessas áreas há mais de 100 anos e que dependem, única e exclusivamente, da Terra para sobreviverem. Os despejos poderão ocorrer a qualquer instante. As áreas são disputadas por produtores de soja (Guarimã) e cana-de-açúcar (Feitoria).

4. Em 26.06.2015, a liderança indígena do povo Kaapor, Kapiti Kaapor, foi perseguido por homens armados que, em ato contínuo, apontaram armas para sua cabeça numa tentativa de intimidação da liderança. O índio tem participado ativamente da luta pela retirada dos madeireiros do interior da Terra Indígena Alto Turiaçu. Em 09.06.2015, a Comissão de Direitos Humanos da OAB/MA encaminhou Ofícios ao Ministério Público Federal, Polícia Federal e à Secretaria de Segurança Pública do Maranhão para que os órgãos tomassem as devidas providências quanto à onda de violência e selvageria realizadas contra o Povo Kaapor, que vitimou, em 26 de abril de 2015, Eusébio Kaapor, crime este que sequer foi esclarecido. No entanto, apesar da escalada de violência, patrocinada por prefeitos e fazendeiros da região de Centro do Guilherme, Maranhãozinho e Centro Novo do Maranhão, o Estado nada fez, restando aos guerreiros Kaapor violência bruta e impunidade.

5. Em 28.06.2015, por volta das 14 horas, vários homens armados e com coletes balísticos com o emblema da Polícia Militar do Maranhão, invadiram o Assentamento Campo do Bandeira, localizado em Alto Alegre do Maranhão, área ocupada por dezenas de camponeses, e incendiaram casas e depósitos de arroz. Além do incêndio criminoso, os pistoleiros atiraram em vários bens das famílias. A área em conflito decorre de um litígio que envolve a fazenda Caxuxa Agropastoril. Os trabalhadores rurais já foram despejados pelo menos sete vezes. Além disso, já foram registradas pelo menos 32 ocorrências policiais, no entanto não há um inquérito tramitando na delegacia local, apesar da gravidade da coação sofrida pelos lavradores há anos, realizada por organização paramilitar.

Diante deste cenário trágico, que atesta as reais condições de vida do campesinato maranhense, é necessário que o governo do Maranhão determine a constituição de grupo de delegados para investigar as condutas criminosas aqui especificadas, o mais rápido possível, tendo em vista que nas cidades em que ocorreram esses crimes não há estrutura alguma para garantir as devidas investigações. Além disso, é necessário que a Polícia Militar atue preventivamente nos locais de maiores concentrações de conflitos agrários, especificamente em Codó, Timbiras, Alto Alegre do Maranhão, Duque Bacelar, Coelho Neto, Pirapemas, São Benedito do Rio Preto, Centro Novo do Maranhão, Centro do Guilherme, Maranhãozinho.

Todavia, não sendo possível o envio de policiais militares para essas localidades, é necessário que o governador do Maranhão solicite ao Ministro da Justiça agentes da Força Nacional para intervir nos conflitos agrários. Igualmente, que o Ministério Público Estadual instaure procedimentos a fim de verificar os crimes aqui relacionados, tendo em vista a gravidade da situação elencada e, finalmente, que o Poder Judiciário do Maranhão, por meio dos Juízes Cristiano Simas (que responde interinamente pela Comarca de Urbanos Santos) e Raquel Castro Teles de Menezes (titular da 1º Vara da Comarca de Coelho Neto) suspendam as decisões contra as famílias camponesas, respectivamente de Guarimã (Processo Nº 13772014) e Feitoria (Processo Nº4522015), visto que as famílias dependem da terra para sobreviverem.

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